SCIENCE ATMOSPHERE

  FUNGI The word fungus has been taken from Latin which means mushroom. The fungi are  Achlorophyllous and heterotrophic thallophytes. Their plant body consists mostly of a thallus, made up of hyphae which constitute mycelium. The study of fungi is known as mycology and the scientist who is concerned with fungi is called mycologist. General Introduction :- fungi is eukaryotic and multicellular organism fungi have absorptive type nutrition. Study of fungi is called - Mycology The father of mycology - De Barry Father of Indian mycology - E. J. Butler Origin of fungi - Mykas - (Mushroom) General characteristics of fungi : - Fungi are eukaryotic organisms means they have true nucleus which are enclosed in membranes. They are non - vernacular organisms they do not have vascular system. Xylem and phloem are absent. Fungi have cell walls its made of chitin the unit of chitin is N-Acetyl glucosamine. There is no embryonic stage for fungi. The vegetative body of fungi may be unicellul...

MECHANISM OF ORGANIC REACTIONS  Conversion of a chemical compound into another chemical compound is known as a chemical reaction. Organic reactions usually involve the fission and formation of covalent bonds. Organic reactions take place in accordance with general fundamental concepts of thermodynamics. Usually, the sequence and timing of these bonds breaking and bond forming processes are important in the study of these reactions. These processes may occur separately, for example, bond breaking may proceed bond formation or vice-versa resulting in a step-wise reaction. ARROW NOTATION (FORMALISM) Organic reactions usually involve the fission and formation of covalent bonds. The covalent bond is often represented as a dash (-) and the movement of a pair of electrons is shown by a curved arrow in fact, arrow formalism (notation) is very important for organic reactions. Arrows in chemical drawing have specific meanings. Just as it is important to learn the structural representa...